Mulching

One of the most important techniques in any self respecting organic or xeric garden is mulching.

I use many methods, depending on the ultimate goal.

If it’s an area that will be dug up and replanted, such as a nursery bed or vegetable garden, I’ll use an organic mulching material that will break down and can be dug in at the end of the season, or simply use the lasagna gardening or sheet composting methods.In any area that is to be permanently planted there are several methods of mulching and materials that I choose from.

In an area that is for a display garden of stock plants, such as Sedum I’ll use mulch in the areas between the plants to keep the weeds down and serve as a moisture reservoir. I don’t water the stock plants at all, so they have to survive on any rain that falls. In the well drained soil I’m fortunate to have, it drains away quickly unless I use some type of mulch.

Mulching Materials; Pros and Cons

Organic Mulches

Disadvantages are that they have to be replenished; they may harbour slugs and other pests, and become slimy when over wet such as under irrigation.

Here are some options:

• Leaf mold - made by chopping your damp fallen leaves and mixing in a little compost to get the decomposition started. You can store this over the winter in a bin, or simply in plastic bags. In the spring, your leaf mold will be dark and rich, ready to spread on your garden.

  I use this for perennial beds, especially in shade to provide more moisture retention, and dig it in to vegetable gardens to add extra organic matter. If the leaves are left whole and not chopped, they can sometimes mat down, becoming slippery to walk on. Let the chickens take care of that for you in the chicken pen by mixing it with other nutrient rich materials.

• Straw – the stalks of barley, oats or wheat left after the grain is harvested. Clean and easy to spread, but tends to look a bit untidy. The best choice for vegetable garden pathways.

• Hay – try and find it without weed seeds in it as this will just spread around the problem, and defeat the purpose of mulching. Allow your chickens to pick out the seeds and bugs and start the process of breaking it down before using as mulch.

• Grass clippings – best if collected dry, and spread on vegetable gardens before wetting. Don’t place it too close to the stems of plants, as it can get very hot. Also can be a fire hazard, so use with caution in fire prone areas.

• Use chopped reeds or alfalfa from your mulch bed and save on trucking costs.

• Wood shavings – not recommended by some gardeners due to the fact that it will tie up nitrogen from the soil while decomposing. Add small amounts to compost, or on top of the soil, or for paths. If your chickens can start breaking this down in the chicken house with the deep litter method, it will take a few months to mature but will be a rich source of nutrients for your vegetable garden.

• Compost is considered the very best mulch for vegetable gardens. It’s also excellent for around plants that need that little boost. You can never have enough compost.

• Bark mulch is a very attractive option, giving a rich dark look to plantings of ferns and around trees.

  Also available in some areas are:

• Cocoa shells.

• Coffee beans, or grounds from your local coffee shop.

• Pine needles and other locally produced materials. Find out what’s available near you to reduce your carbon footprint regarding trucking.

Inorganic Mulches

• Lava rock, which is graded in size to around 2-5cm across. It comes in several colours, the most popular being the orange brown similar to terracotta, and a pale grey. Over time, the lava rock will break down, releasing tiny amounts of nutrients.

• Pebble mulch is usually sold graded to be of a more uniform size and is more expensive, or as pit run, which includes all sizes up to and including boulders, as well as sand. You can grade out the sizes you don’t want and use them in specific places, or leave it as it comes and have a more rustic feel to your landscape.

  It is also known as river rock, stone mulch, or decorative stone.

• Shale is usually available in bags from garden centers and comes in orange tones to grey brown shades. The main disadvantage of all these mulches is the weight, for shipping and for handling

Other kinds of Mulches

In some cases, you don’t really need an attractive mulch; you just need to restrict the light getting to the soil to prevent weed growth. In these situations, I just use anything I have available to cover the soil. Sometimes I’ll use several sheets of newspaper – the best ones are those that are full sized sheets, not the tabloid size. This has to be done on a windless day, or it will be all over the neighbourhood.

Cover this with sawdust, wood chips, sand or any other available material. This is a great system for making new beds, sometimes referred to as lasagna gardening, or for paths. I also use cardboard in the same way.

Also keep your eyes open for old carpet. I cut it into lengths about 60cm across which can be rolled out wherever I need a new bed. After the weeds are cast into submission, I take up the carpet to be used somewhere else, add a layer of chopped leaves, sawdust or horse manure, and cover with cardboard or newspaper.

Weight this down with more sawdust or other material, and water well. You can actually plant right through into the ground below, if it’s not completely hardpan or clay.

Even better is to use compost which has worms in it to break up the soil below. Once you use this method, you won’t go back to the backbreaking labor of hand digging or rotor tilling. This method may take a little longer, but is so much less work for the gardener.

Paths can be built the same way; temporarily use the carpet to kill the weeds, lay down several layers of newspaper, and then weigh it down with sawdust, wood chips, bark mulch or other wood waste. Over time, the newspaper will break down, possibly allowing weeds through; topping up the mulch will eliminate them easily as they’ll already be weakened.

Mulching is the easiest and best way to control unwanted weeds in your garden. No amount of chemical warfare will give your garden additional organic matter, improved drainage or beauty like mulches. Choose the right one for the specific need, tailoring the mulch to the requirements.

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